The increased purchase of products and services from external suppliers has augmented the dependence of buying firms on the capabilities and performance of their suppliers. so, the implementation of supplier development activities is a need of manufacturing organizations to make long-term relationships with their key supplier to increase supplier capabilities.  This research model introduced six elements of supplier development programs such as information sharing within and between firms, communication methods, top management support, trust between trading partners and supplier quality support and also revealed three major factors of buying firm's performance such as inventory management, product quality improvement and financial performance. Product quality improvement, as a mediator endogenous variable in the purpose model, was also studied and tested. A cross-sectional method was used to gather data from 377 Iranian manufacturing SMEs. The measures and hypotheses were analysed with the help of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The research supported the idea that information sharing within firms, communication methods, top management support and trust between trading partners have a positive influence on information sharing between firms. Further, the research conducted the positive effects of information sharing between firms on inventory management and product quality on buying firms. Also, the research showed the positive effect of supplier quality support on product quality improvement and financial performance. In addition, the study conducted also revealed that product quality improvement played a partial mediation effect on supplier quality support and financial performance of manufacturing SMEs.

Purpose: Understanding the information environment and the extent of its utilization in sharing information is highly effective in strengthening the most commonly used channels for information dissemination. Informal communication plays a crucial role in scientific relationships, and women, as a social group holding a dignified position in society, often rely on informal information channels to meet their information needs. Therefore, it is important to examine the information environments of women The objective of this research was to analyze the key components of women's information environments, in terms of sharing information, using the grounded theory.Method: The current research method was developmental and has been conducted using a qualitative approach and the foundational data theory. The statistical population of the study consists of 26 female experts in information science and librarianship who are employed as professors or work in one of the country's library centers at a university and have been selected by purposive sampling (snowball sampling). The data were collected through interviews with them and were analyzed through three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The paradigmatic pattern, including causal conditions, the main phenomenon, contextual conditions, interventionists, main strategies, and environmental consequences of women's information environments in sharing information, was designed based on them. The interview tool was validated using the respondent method, and the tool's reliability was measured using the double coding method.Findings: The findings indicate that 18 main and 48 sub-components have been identified in 6 categories for women's information environments and sharing information behavior, including: causal factors with 7 main components (friendliness, personal tendency, individual and personality compatibility, personal interests, environmental compatibility, ethical compatibility, scientific motivation) and 18 sub-components; contextual factors with 3 main components (social interaction, environmental factors, temporal factors) and 7 sub-components; intervention factors with 4 main components (social motivation, ethical motivation, cultural motivation, political motivation) and 10 sub-components; strategic factors with 1 main component (information sharing method) and 3 sub-components; outcome factors with 2 main components (acquiring knowledge, sharing information and knowledge) and 8 sub-components; and the main phenomenon (exploring the information environment of women with an emphasis on their information sharing behavior) with 2 sub-components. Conclusion: This model, which is derived from the opinions and views of experts in information science and science in the country, specifies that strengthening the information environment for women requires solutions in the field of their information-sharing behavior. Its results, in scientific, educational, cultural, and social institutions, especially universities and organizations in charge of scientific and cultural policies, will have an important and special application in improving the informatioلn-seeking behavior and information-sharing behavior of women, and as a result, the development and progress of information science and scientific development of Iran.

Today, the relationship between knowledge sharing activities and human characteristics has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of knowledge management. The personality of individuals is considered as the most important individual factor of human beings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality traits that influence knowledge sharing in audit firms. Introduction of personality traits has been done with the components of five major personality factors (neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness). Questionnaires were used to collect data from 126 certified accountants working in audit firms and the hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation test. The results showed that extroversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness had a positive and significant effect on staff knowledge sharing process in audit firms, but there was no significant relationship between openness to experience and staff knowledge sharing process. Given the importance of personality traits in the formation of knowledge sharing, it is recommended that the audit firms in the process of recruiting and hiring auditors and assigning them to workgroups pay particular attention to attracting individuals with appropriate personality traits for knowledge sharing.

Objective: According to the instructions of the Tehran Stock Exchange Organization, companies admitted to the stock exchange are required to publish their reports and financial statements and other important information that can affect the price of the company's securities or investors' decisions based on accounting standards. One of these reports is the monthly activity report, which companies admitted to the stock exchange and over-the-counter must publish in the Codal Website within 5 working days after the end of each month. And if approved by the organization, it can be extended up to 10 working days. The researches carried out in relation to the content of the published information are mainly based on annual and quarterly earnings and income reports. Because firm earnings and income are always disclosed simultaneously in such studies, an unanswered question is whether windfall earnings alone, which are mainly influenced by company sales, can affect stock prices, in other words, change in monthly sales of firms can contain important information or not. In this research, due to the fact that monthly sales and quarterly profits are disclosed on different dates, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of disclosed sales on stock returns. Considering that it is expected that the publication of the monthly activity report of the firms will contain information content about their activities and performance, therefore it is expected that the market will show a reasonable reaction to the publication of these reports. In the monthly activity report of firms, the income of sales of goods and services of the firm is reported. This report has been provided to investors through the codal. ir since 2017. The usefulness of this report for investors can be examined by evaluating its informational content. Method: It is an event research. In such researches, the time of information release is considered as the time of the determining event and the price changes around it as a criterion to evaluate the market reaction. To evaluate the information content of sources, two main criteria including price-based and volume-based tests are used. The price-based test makes it possible to evaluate the market reaction on a certain day or a certain period of time through the way the price changes. This criterion is based on the theory that the price correction will occur simultaneously with the increase in the accuracy of information or disclosure. The volume-based test reflects the reaction of the trading volume at the time of the announcement or a desired period compared to the period when the relevant information has not yet been disclosed. Price-based tests reflect changes in the expectations of the market as a whole, while changes in trading volume reflect the expectations of individual shareholders in the company. Research hypotheses have been formulated based on the presence of good news or bad news based on the market's reaction to them. If the monthly activity report contains messages about changes in the firm's performance, market participants react differently to these changes (good or bad). In the research hypotheses, the change in the firm's performance that will contain good or bad news is defined based on unexpected sales. In this study, to evaluate the information content of the monthly activity report of firms, price changes and trading volume around the announcement time have been considered. Based on data related to 234 firms during the years 2017 to the end of Shahrivar 2020 and event study methodology, the market response to these reports has been studied. Results: The findings show that the monthly activity report contains important information for the market. The market reacts appropriately to published reports containing good news or bad news. With the release of good news, stock prices increase, and following the bad news, stock prices decrease, which in any case, the trade volume around the publication of the monthly activity report of firms, a significant increase is observed. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the publication of the monthly activity report contains important information content that market participants react to. The results show that the market reacts quickly to reports that contain good news (the actual performance is better than the firm's expected performance), and as a result, the stock price and trading volume increase on the day of publication and two days after that, as well as the market reaction. Also, the market's reaction to reports containing bad news is accompanied by a decrease in price and an increase in trading volume on the day of the event and three days after the event. Monthly activity report as one of the information has important messages related to the current performance of companies. Investors can adjust their short-term strategies based on their forecasts of current firm performance, prior to the announcement of quarterly earnings.